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Since early 2008, the heavy truck industry in China has started a boom in the “lightweight†of heavy trucks. These include old Chinese heavy trucks, Shaanxi Automobile Group, SAIC Iveco Hongyan, and heavy truck Xinjun Hualing. Heavy trucks and Beiqi Futian.
In this round of “lightweight†boom, technologies such as automatic transmissions, aluminum alloy housing transmissions, fewer leaf spring suspensions, rubber suspensions, air suspensions, composite materials, and high-strength steel frame frames have been rapidly developed. . Let people get to Europe, for example. For example, on July 6, 2010, Shaanxi Automobile launched the lightweight DeLong F3000, which is the first domestic heavy truck that uses BEST technology (balance of body shape & fuel efficiency & safe technology) to interpret "balanced philosophy." It successfully broke the embarrassment that the domestic heavy-duty truck industry could not find the gold balance point of light truck heavy-duty trucks, fuel efficiency, and safety.
However, this is after all, in China, the immaturity of many technologies has, to a certain extent, limited the process of reducing the weight of China's heavy trucks. It is easy to enter the light of the misunderstanding of the decline in the safety factor. Recently, reporters have compiled information on the lightweighting of foreign heavy trucks. At that time, it was discovered that many foreign advanced technologies may be the only way for China's heavy trucks to develop in the future.
Volvo: Trying Lightweight Aerospace Materials
Recently, Volvo AB announced that Volvo Aero trucks will use lightweight technology of aircraft engines, and said that after years of research, on the basis of absorbing space science and technology, trucks made of ultra lightweight materials are expected to achieve production. In the next 10 years, the weight of trucks is expected to decrease by 20%.
Karl Frederick Harton, technical manager of Volvo AB, said: “We have carried out tens of thousands of simulations in a computer environment. This lightweight model ensures the same performance as vehicle crash performance and load capacity. The weight of the vehicle is also greatly reduced."
For foreign automakers, reducing vehicle weight is an important means of reducing fuel consumption and enhancing vehicle safety. From the lightweight of the engine to the light weight of the body-related components, one of the important means is the aluminization of engine-related components and body-related components. For example, in the United States, Canada, Europe, South Africa and Australia, a large number of commercial vehicles are equipped with forged aluminum alloy wheels. Halton also said: "First, the company will start by reducing the thickness of the steel plate and then try to use aluminum and carbon fiber materials."
Using high-strength steel plates can reduce plate thickness and weight under equal-strength design conditions. When the thickness of the steel plate is reduced by 0.05mm, 0.1mm and 0.15mm respectively, the body weight is reduced by 6%, 12% and 18% respectively. The use of high-strength steel plates also improves the safety of the car body such as dent resistance, durability strength, and large deformation impact strength.
German Man --- FRP composite material favored
In 2007, Mann introduced the FRP composite sheet molding compound (SMC) to the TG series heavy truck cab. Many of the cab materials of European heavy truck manufacturers, such as Mann, Renault, Mercedes, Iveco, and Duff, have also adopted SMC. These new materials have excellent mechanical properties (high strength, high hardness, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, etc.) and chemical properties (thermal shock resistance, oxidation resistance, creep resistance, etc.), making the safety and reliability of the vehicle even further. improve.
By using aluminum, metal alloys, metal composites, and other lightweight components, European automakers have improved vehicle fuel economy and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
The foreign automakers are committed to the research and development of lightweight vehicle models. There is also an important reason that the government is constantly improving fuel economy standards and reducing CO2 emissions. The good performance of lightweight vehicles in terms of fuel economy allows companies to use lightweight vehicles as an important means to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.
Toyota - Wide Application of Lightweight Materials
The most important means of lightweighting is the large-scale application of lightweight materials, such as aluminum, magnesium, ceramics, plastics, carbon fiber composite materials. The engine body is the largest single part in the engine and generally exceeds 1/4 of the engine mass, and is even close to 1/3. Compared with cast iron engines, all-aluminum engines can be half the weight of lighter.
Later, aluminum magnesium alloy was widely used in automobiles. The density of magnesium alloy was 1.8g/cm3, which was 2/3 of that of aluminum alloy and 1/4 of that of steel.
Toyota's 1ZZ-FE engine, using plastic intake pipes, stainless steel exhaust pipes and other lightweight components, was declared by Toyota as the lightest of the world's equivalent displacements, only 96kg. Later, Toyota's "1/X" hybrid car body frame uses lighter, more rigid CFRP (that is, carbon fiber composite material), the body weight is only 420kg, this car has created a hundred kilometers of fuel consumption 2.7 A record of ultra-low burnup. In addition, Mitsubishi EVO X's ultra-lightweight body reconstruction is due to the use of a large number of carbon fiber kits, such as license plate frames, air hoods, and heat vent hoods.
Japanese auto makers have always regarded the lightweighting of automobiles as an extremely important guideline for the overall design of automobiles, and have spared no effort in reducing the weight of automobiles. Therefore, over the long term, the lightweighting of Japanese automobiles has yielded outstanding results. Affected by ACEA's CO2 reduction plan, vehicles sold by Japan to Europe are also subject to control. It is reported that Japanese cars exported to Europe will have to reduce CO2 emissions to 140g/km this year, and in 2010 they need to increase their fuel efficiency by 24%.
Unlike domestic manufacturers who have launched light-weight trucks to solve the problem of toll-by-weight charging, foreign commercial vehicle companies, when launching light-weight trucks, consider the reduction of tailpipe emissions to enhance the safety and stability of the vehicle. China's heavy truck industry is lagging far behind the developed countries in terms of technical standards and has "breakthroughs and no development" in the core component technology. From the lightweight of the engine to the weight reduction of car-related parts, Europe and the United States have already walked for more than 30 years, and China has only just begun on the path of lightweight.
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