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Compared with petrochemical and natural gas chemical industry, coal chemical industry is an industry with low energy utilization and high emission of three wastes. In the development of coal chemical industry, there are always different opinions. Disagreement is mainly due to energy use and environmental reasons. Therefore, the key to the success of development is energy conservation and emission reduction. If we still follow the pattern of developing traditional coal chemical industry, we can only be dead.
The development of coal chemical industry can only adopt advanced and clean production technologies. Under the premise of economic feasibility, the impact of the project on the environment will be minimized and energy conservation and emission reduction will be achieved. Such as the use of clean coal gasification technology, large air separation technology, high-efficiency purification technology, acid gas emission standards, new methanol synthesis technology and equipment, efficient distillation technology.
The adoption of efficient public utility configuration is also one of the energy conservation and emission reduction measures, the high concentration rate of recycled water technology, condensed water closed loop technology, water network integration optimization technology, energy recovery and cascade utilization technology.
Now the national and local governments have issued policies to raise the environmental protection threshold, which poses a great challenge to the development of coal chemical industry. It is required that the wastewater from coal chemical projects must be “nearly zero†discharged. It is very difficult to achieve such a goal. The waste treatment must comply with the principle of total control and discharge standards at the same time. It can not only meet the discharge standards. The discharged waste should be resource-based, such as separation and recycling of synthetic tail gas, recovery of acid gas, recovery of rectified raffinate, reuse of coal ash, and recycling of waste catalysts.
Strengthen the project and production management, production equipment to achieve "safe, stable, long, full, excellent" stable operation, but also to ensure energy-saving emission reduction necessary conditions.
In addition, the development of coal chemical industry should pay full attention to the issue of CO2 emission reduction. Although the country has no hard requirements in this regard, according to the development situation at home and abroad, sooner or later, the government departments will require.
In addition to the chemical utilization of CO2 maturation in the country, other uses are rare. Chemical production of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methanol, PC, degradable plastics, CO2-enriched converted CO, natural gas methanol supplementation (flue gas recovery of CO2), its utilization is less than 70 million tons per year, and emissions Compared to the amount, it can be said that it is insignificant.
The mature technology of using CO2 abroad is:
One is that CO2 is pressurized to oil wells to increase oil recovery. The application of CO2 flooding technology can generally increase oil recovery by 8%-15% (geological reserves). The United States has become a leader in this field. For example, the US-based coal-to-gas Great Plains Plant builds a 328-km (205-mile) CO2 pipeline to send Canadian oil fields, transporting 1.4 million tons of CO2 per year. In 2010, the United States implemented a total of 112 CO2. For oil displacement projects, its CO2 flooding capacity will reach 12.5 million tons annually. The CO2 used for oil extraction each year accounts for about 11% of its total CO2 consumption. Canada, Denmark, Argentina, Trinidad, Turkey, Brazil and other countries have also carried out research and application of CO2 flooding and storage to increase crude oil recovery rate.
The second is the successful example of CO2 storage. The Sleipner project, a major Norwegian oil and gas company, is the first commercialized project in the world. The CO2 is stored under a salty water layer at sea and CO2 treatment capacity is 100. 10,000 tons/year; US Weyburn-Midale Project, landfilling CO2 from a coal gasification plant in an abandoned oil field in Saskatchewan, North Dakota; Algeria's Sarah Oilfield Project (InSalah Project) operated by BP, The CO2 extracted from the local natural gas production is imported into the ground, and the CO2 treatment capacity is 1 million tons per year. China should carry out research in this area as soon as possible and use large projects as soon as possible.
Afforestation is also one of the most effective measures to reduce carbon emissions. Forests can fix 20 to 40 tons of CO2 per hectare per year, of which 56 tons of CO2 can be fixed per hectare of fast-growing fast-growing forest. More afforestation can not only create a local ecological environment but also fix CO2.
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